Matching knowledge brokering strategies to environmental policy problems and settings

摘要: Abstract The benefits of utilizing intermediaries to broker understanding between environmental scientists and policy makers have become widely touted. Yet little is known about the tasks boundary spanners undertake develop solutions how these fit into frameworks intended advance public decision making. Such may be constructed aid in differentiating types issues that confront them or settings which they are operating. Consequently, this paper examines six different knowledge brokering strategies; informing, consulting, matchmaking, engaging, collaborating building capacity might employed responding problems identified aiding frameworks. Using real world examples, four reviewed. They are; Lindquist's [Lindquist, E.A., 1988. What do models tell us information use? Knowledge Society 1 (2), 86–111; Lindquist, 1990. third community, inquiry, social scientists. In: Stephen Brooks, S., Gagnon, A. (Eds.), Social Scientists, Policy State. Praeger, New York; 2001. Discerning influence: framework for a strategic evaluation IDRC-Supported research] regimes, Turnhout et al.’s [Turnhout, E., Hisschemoller, M., Eijsackers, H., 2007. Ecological indicators: two fires science policy. Indicators 7 215–228] typology, Holling's [Holling, C.S., 1995. barriers? bridges? Gunderson, L.H., Holling, C.S. Barriers Bridges Renewal Ecosystems Institutions. Columbia University Press, York, pp. 3–34] adaptive cycle Kurtz Snowden's [Kurtz, C.F., Snowden, D.J., 2003. new dynamics strategy: sense-making complex complicated world. IBM Systems Journal 42 (3), 462–483] Cynefin domains. For problem described primary strategies identified. While differ their conceptual constructions, applicability specific serve as commonality across particular settings.