GAD65 Autoimmunity-Clinical Studies

摘要: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and particularly teenagers adults is strongly associated with autoreactivity to the Mr 65,000 isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65). Autoantibodies GAD65 are common at time clinical diagnosis may be present for years prior onset hyperglycemia. autoantibodies predict conversion insulin dependence when patients classified type 2 nowadays more often referred as latent autoimmune adult (LADA) or 1,5 diabetes. Analyses T cells HLA DRB1 0401-tetramers GAD65-specific peptides well anti-idiotypic suggest that common. The immunological balance disturbed appearance represents markers autoreactive loss pancreatic beta cells. Extensive experimental animal research, particular Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, showed therapies reduce insulitis prevent spontaneous Recombinant human produced by current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) formulated alum was found safe Phase I II placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trials. approach modulate subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) promise alum-formulated induced a dose-dependent reduction disappearance rate endogenous residual C-peptide production. Additional controlled trials needed uncover mechanisms which injections recombinant alter autoreactivity.