A 100-m Range 10-Frame/s 340 $\,\times\, $ 96-Pixel Time-of-Flight Depth Sensor in 0.18- $\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS

摘要: This paper introduces a single-photon detection technique for time-of-flight distance ranging based on the temporal and spatial correlation of photons. A proof-of-concept prototype achieving depth imaging up to 100 meters with resolution 340 × 96 pixels at 10 frames/s was implemented. At core system, sensor chip comprising 32 macro-pixels an array avalanche diodes featuring optical fill factor 70% fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS. The also comprises circuits capable generating precise triggers upon events as well sampling number photons involved each event, 12-b time-to-digital converters. Characterization TDC led -0.52 LSB 0.73 differential integral nonlinearities, respectively. Quantitative evaluation TOF under strong solar background light, i.e., 80 klux, revealed repeatability error better than cm throughout range m, thus leading relative precision 0.1%. In same condition, nonlinearity 0.37%. order show suitability our approach real-world situation, experimental results which operated typical traffic scenario are reported.