The mutual interference of spruce canopy structural elements

摘要: The drag force on fourteen three-prong spruce shoots (Picea rubens) has been measured in a wind tunnel velocities ranging from 0.4 to 4.5 m s−1. influence of velocity and shoot needle density momentum transfer the mutual interference are evaluated. The (ranging 0.6 1.7) is dependent. does not when less than about 1.5 However, slight trend increased with decreased was found for between This statistically significant. The shelter factor, measure structure, shown be dependent model used describe flow around through shoot. suggests that any apparent dependence factor may actually due change conditions. It concluded that: (1) needles vegetative component involved within speeds ms−1, (2) themselves array ms−1. at low estimated 2.1 higher should based single