Diagnosis and management of sodium disorders: hyponatremia and hypernatremia.

摘要: Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are common findings in the inpatient outpatient settings. Sodium disorders associated with an increased risk of morbidity mortality. Plasma osmolality plays a critical role pathophysiology treatment sodium disorders. classified based on volume status (hypovolemia, euvolemia, hypervolemia). diagnosed by from history, physical examination, laboratory studies, evaluation status. Treatment is symptoms underlying causes. In general, hyponatremia treated fluid restriction (in setting euvolemia), isotonic saline hypovolemia), diuresis A combination these therapies may be needed presentation. Hypertonic used to treat severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Medications such as vaptans have euvolemic hypervolemic The involves correcting cause free water deficit.