Y chromosome haplotype distribution of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Northern Europe provides insight into population history and recovery.

摘要: High-resolution, male-inherited Y-chromosomal markers are a useful tool for population genetic analyses of wildlife species, but to date have only been applied in this context relatively few species besides humans. Using nine STRs and three single nucleotide polymorphism (Y-SNPs), we studied whether male gene flow was important the recent recovery brown bear (Ursus arctos) Northern Europe, where declined dramatically numbers geographical distribution during last centuries is expanding now. We found 36 haplotypes 443 extant bears from Sweden, Norway, Finland northwestern Russia. In 14 individuals southern Norway 1780 1920, two Y chromosome present as well four not among modern samples. Our results suggested major differences connectivity, diversity structure between eastern western populations Europe. west, our indicated that recovered originated lineages, displaying pronounced spatial structuring suggestive large-scale size increase under limited within subpopulation. east, contrasting pattern, with high haplotype admixture. This first analysis shows conclusively main force recovery.