Morphological Characters from the Genome: SINE Insertion Polymorphism and Phylogenies

摘要: For the last fifteen years, researchers have been using SINE (short interspersed elements; non-autonomous retroposons) insertion polymorphism as characters for phylogeny. Although collection of these is much less straightforward and more work intensive than classical sequence data, they are subject to very little homoplasy, therefore allow reliable determination phylogeny species. As reversions rare, ancestral state (absence insertion) known, orientated a priori. They also good markers population genetics. Because their almost complete lack character conflict in better indicator incomplete lineage sorting hybridization other types even ancient divergences. Only few examples convergencies identified, after looking through hundreds characters; moreover, most instances homoplasy identifiable such, so can still be regarded high quality characters. Constant progress has made years isolation new SINEs well loci, both by bioinformatic methods benchwork. Numerous dedicated computer programs available, newly sequenced genomes full scale utilization. data proved its interest on complex phylogenetic problems where morphological were not resolutive. The improvements portability encourage an enlargement application taxa, it will provide novel information.