Bismuth Salts in Catalytic Alkylation Reactions

摘要: Alkylation reactions utilizing nontoxic Lewis acid catalysts and "green" alkylating reagents are of high interest due to the continuous need for environmentally benign C-C C-X bond formation. This article shows recent advances in Bi(III)-catalyzed alkylations arenes, 2,4-pentanediones various oxygen- nitrogen-containing nucleophiles. Instead toxic alkyl halides, electrophilic components these transformations were benzyl propargyl alcohols as well substrates with activated double bonds such styrenes. The fact that Bi(III) salts capable activating both σ- π-donors highlights their unique character versatile catalytic alkylation reactions. In addition, less cheaper than other acids have been described similar transformations.