A fluoroscopic and laryngoscopic study of glossopharyngeal insufflation and exsufflation

摘要: Glossopharyngeal breathing, frequently performed by elite breath-hold divers, relies on muscles of the mouth and pharynx to move air into (glossopharyngeal insufflation, GI) out lungs exsufflation, GE). GI has also been used patients with weak respiratory muscles. Fluoroscopic endoscopic examinations were four divers (three whom world record holders) during both GE maneuvers. A detailed pictorial description GE, online video material that includes external, fluoroscopic examinations, is provided in this publication. Both are accomplished a coordinated series contractions glossopharyngeal they rely piston pump-like action larynx. In particular, larynx moves extensively repeatedly up down, either inject (GI) or extract it from (GE), vocal cords functioning as valve. During maneuvers, when its highest position, epiglottis does not fold back, unlike what happens swallowing.