Flood occurrences, damages, and management challenges in India: a geographical perspective

摘要: India is one of the most flood-prone countries in world after Bangladesh and these are quite common throughout country. However, their characteristics differ from region to region. Flooding behavior management at national level have been investigated this article. Floods caused mainly due extreme spatial temporal variation quantity rainfall meteorological conditions during monsoon season (June–September). About 80% total annual concentrated period, resulting a very high discharge rivers, causing extensive damage life property. The National Flood Control Program has launched country year 1954. Since then, sizeable progress made structural non-structural flood protection measures. Structural measures involve construction physical structures like embankments, dams, drainage channels, reservoirs that prevent waters reaching potential centers, whereas forecasting aim improving preparedness floods by keeping people away waters. Institutional legal setup mitigate impacts evolved over years. Nevertheless, statistics do not reveal major reduction damages. river-friendly less-interventionist approaches suggested achieve sustainable management.