Mouthbreathing, lip seal and upper lip coverage and their relationship with gingival inflammation in 11-14 year-old schoolchildren.

摘要: The gingival health of 201 schoolchildren aged 11-14 years was assessed at 6 sites on all the incisor and first molar teeth by recording separately presence or absence redness bleeding probing. Crowding recorded as labio-lingual displacement mesio-distal overlap. A 2nd examiner plaque these mouthbreathing, lipseal upper lip coverage maxillary incisors. Mouthbreathing, increased separation decreased rest were associated with higher levels inflammation. Multivariate analysis indicated that this association statistically significant for mouthbreathing but not independently related to gingivitis. relationship gingivitis most evident in anterior segment still after covariate take account variations due gender, overcrowding amount plaque. However, allowance factors also suggested influence restricted palatal sites, whereas influenced inflammation both labial sites.