Vascular Neural Network Phenotypic Transformation After Traumatic Injury: Potential Role in Long-Term Sequelae

摘要: The classical neurovascular unit (NVU), composed primarily of endothelium, astrocytes, and neurons, could be expanded to include smooth muscle perivascular nerves present in both the up- downstream feeding blood vessels (arteries veins). extended NVU, which can defined as vascular neural network (VNN), may represent a new physiological consider for therapeutic development stroke, traumatic brain injury, other disorders (Zhang et al., Nat Rev Neurol 8(12):711–716, 2012). This review is focused on injury resultant post-traumatic changes cerebral flow, cells, matrix, blood–brain barrier structures function, association these with cognitive outcomes described clinical experimental reports. We suggest that studies characterizing TBI should increase their focus VNN, this yield meaningful targets resolve posttraumatic dysfunction.