Chemical Composition and Ionic Variability of Wet and Bulk Precipitation in Urban Environment of Karnataka State, India
作者： S. Tiwari , G. S. Munawar Pasha , G. P. Shivashankara
DOI:
关键词:
摘要: A comprehensive study on the chemical composition and ionic variability of wet & bulk precipitation were carried out in urban areas during 200507. During period, total 520 (268 252 bulk) samples collected from four pre-determined Karnataka State, India, analyzed them for various parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (µS/cm), cations, anions (µeq-1). The shows that Ca2+ SO42- are dominant ions both precipitation. high percentage was observed at Hebbal (Bangalore North), however low Jayanagar South), Mandya Mysore areas.The higher concentration cations anions, except H+, precipitation, when compared to mainly due dry deposition. smaller deposition H+ because reduction acidity by dry-deposited calcium species, possibly CaCO3 being washed subsequent events. annual volume weighted mean (VWM) pH area is 4.59 4.70 which less than threshold point neutrality (5.60). present acid (acid rain) area. In area, it slightly, Mandya, totally alkaline. analysis has revealed VWM Bangalore (both areas) 5.22 period. decreased an average 6.61 (197484) (200507) over last three decades indicating alkaline nature turned acidic. This concentrations NO3- local emission SO2 NOx industries, activities increase automobiles. neutralizing factor (NF) washouts more clearly establishes major ion followed NH4+, K+ Mg2+; plays a role acidic species
ijcrar.com 参考文章(19)
R. Sequeira, C. C. Lai, An Analysis of the Representative Composition of Rainwater at Six Locations in Hong Kong Water Air and Soil Pollution. ,vol. 107, pp. 289- 301 ,(1998) , 10.1023/A:1004936818706
Elba C. Teixeira, Daniela Migliavacca, Sadi Pereira Filho, Andréa C.M. Machado, Juliana B. Dallarosa, Study of wet precipitation and its chemical composition in South of Brazil Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias. ,vol. 80, pp. 381- 395 ,(2008) , 10.1590/S0001-37652008000200016
James N. Galloway, Gene E. Likens, William C. Keene, John M. Miller, The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world Journal of Geophysical Research. ,vol. 87, pp. 8771- 8786 ,(1982) , 10.1029/JC087IC11P08771
G.S. Varma, Background trends of pH of precipitation over India Atmospheric Environment (1967). ,vol. 23, pp. 747- 751 ,(1989) , 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90476-9
Idrees F. Al-Momani, Semra Tuncel, Ünal Eler, Erdal Örtel, Gürol Sirin, Gürdal Tuncel, Major ion composition of wet and dry deposition in the eastern Mediterranean basin Science of The Total Environment. ,vol. 164, pp. 75- 85 ,(1995) , 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04468-G
M. Norman, S.N. Das, A.G. Pillai, L. Granat, H. Rodhe, Influence of air mass trajectories on the chemical composition of precipitation in India Atmospheric Environment. ,vol. 35, pp. 4223- 4235 ,(2001) , 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00251-5
L.T. Khemani, G.A. Momin, P.S.Prakasa Rao, P.D. Safai, G. Singh, R.K. Kapoor, Spread of acid rain over India Atmospheric Environment (1967). ,vol. 23, pp. 757- 762 ,(1989) , 10.1016/0004-6981(89)90478-2
A. Saxena, U.C. Kulshrestha, N. Kumar, K.M. Kumari, S.S. Srivastava, Characterization of precipitation at Agra Atmospheric Environment. ,vol. 30, pp. 3405- 3412 ,(1996) , 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00049-0
Ronald Sequeira, Dinkar Kelkar, Geochemical Implications of Summer Monsoonal Rainwater Composition over India Journal of Applied Meteorology. ,vol. 17, pp. 1390- 1396 ,(1978) , 10.1175/1520-0450(1978)017<1390:GIOSMR>2.0.CO;2
Monika Jain, U.C Kulshrestha, A.K Sarkar, D.C Parashar, Influence of crustal aerosols on wet deposition at urban and rural sites in India Atmospheric Environment. ,vol. 34, pp. 5129- 5137 ,(2000) , 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00350-2