Testing alternative hypotheses for the cause of population declines: The case of the Red-headed Woodpecker
作者： Walter D. Koenig , Eric L. Walters , Paul G. Rodewald
关键词:
摘要: ABSTRACT The Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) has experienced strong population declines during the past 3 decades. Using North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and Audubon Christmas Count (CBC) data, we investigated 4 hypotheses that may explain this decline, including: (1) interspecific competition with native Red-bellied Woodpeckers carolinus) nonnative European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris); (2) predation by Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) Sharp-shinned striatus); (3) climate change; (4) changes in forested area within their range. In analyses of both breeding overwintering periods, our results indicated a role increased accipiter populations driving through predation. We also found evidence for significant effects warmer winter temperatures forest cover, directly indirectly on enhancing populations. contrast, resu...
oup.com
americanornithologypubs.org参考文章(60)
Kellie Whittaker, Michelle S. Koo, David B. Wake, Vance T. Vredenburg, Global Declines of Amphibians Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition). pp. 691- 699 ,(2013) , 10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00266-5
Sonja N. Oswalt, W. Brad Smith, Patrick D. Miles, Scott A. Pugh, Forest Resources of the United States, 2012: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 update of the RPA Assessment Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-91. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office. 218 p.. ,vol. 91, ,(2014) , 10.2737/WO-GTR-91
Patrick D Miles, John S Vissage, Scott A Pugh, None, Forest Resources of the United States, 2002 General Technical Report NC-241. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. ,vol. 241, ,(2004) , 10.2737/NC-GTR-241
Yves Rosseel, lavaan: AnRPackage for Structural Equation Modeling Journal of Statistical Software. ,vol. 48, pp. 1- 36 ,(2012) , 10.18637/JSS.V048.I02
Barbara Frei, Joseph J. Nocera, James W. Fyles, Interspecific competition and nest survival of the threatened Red-headed Woodpecker Journal of Ornithology. ,vol. 156, pp. 743- 753 ,(2015) , 10.1007/S10336-015-1177-6
Sonia I. Seneviratne, Markus G. Donat, Brigitte Mueller, Lisa V. Alexander, No pause in the increase of hot temperature extremes Nature Climate Change. ,vol. 4, pp. 161- 163 ,(2014) , 10.1038/NCLIMATE2145
Paul R. Cabe, European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) The Birds of North America Online. ,(1993) , 10.2173/BNA.EURSTA.02
Barbara Frei, James W. Fyles, Joseph J. Nocera, Maladaptive Habitat Use of a North American Woodpecker in Population Decline Ethology. ,vol. 119, pp. 377- 388 ,(2013) , 10.1111/ETH.12074
Johannes M. H. Knops, William J. Carmen, Mark T. Stanback, Walter D. Koenig, Spatial dynamics in the absence of dispersal: acorn production by oaks in central coastal California Ecography. ,vol. 22, pp. 499- 506 ,(1999) , 10.1111/J.1600-0587.1999.TB01278.X
Gian-Reto Walther, Eric Post, Peter Convey, Annette Menzel, Camille Parmesan, Trevor J. C. Beebee, Jean-Marc Fromentin, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Franz Bairlein, Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature. ,vol. 416, pp. 389- 395 ,(2002) , 10.1038/416389A