The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras (chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems

摘要: Stevens, J. D., Bonfil, R., Dulvy, N. K., and Walker, P. A. 2000. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, chimaeras (chondrichthyans), the implications for marine ecosystems. – ICES Journal Marine Science, 57: 476–494. impact chondrichthyan stocks around world is currently focus considerable international concern. Most populations are low productivity relative to teleost fishes, a consequence their different life-history strategies. This reflected in poor record sustainability target shark fisheries. sharks some batoids predators at, or near, top food webs. examined at single-species level through trophic interactions. We summarize status fisheries from world. Some 50% estimated global catch chondrichthyans taken as by-catch, does not appear official fishery statistics, almost totally unmanaged. When they often subjected high mortality directed species. Consequently, skates, sawfish, deep-water dogfish have been virtually extirpated large regions. more resilient we examine predictions vulnerability species based population parameters. At level, may alter size structure parameters response changes abundance. review evidence such density-dependent change. Fishing can affect interactions cases apparent replacement shifts community composition. Sharks rays learn associate trawlers with feeding discards increase populations. Using ECOSIM, make about long-term ecosystems sharks. Three environments analysed: tropical shelf ecosystem Venezuela, Hawaiian coral reef ecosystem, North Pacific oceanic ecosystem. 2000 International Council Exploration Sea