Governing access to resources and markets in non-timber forest product chains

摘要: Non-timber forest product (NTFP) governance is a recent concept denoting the process of rule and decision-making concerning production marketing. This paper reviews multiple dimensions trends in NTFP governance. It emphasises that more than rule-making includes broader societal based on social practices, values principles. characterised by coexistence formal informal institutions plural statutory, customary market norms; combination forestry agrarian regimes; multilevel multi-actor involvement many – but usually not all these arrangements; largely separate govern access to resources markets. an increasingly complex dynamic hybrid institutional arrangements, norms collective practices cross-scale dynamics space over time.