Evaluation of the geographical utility of Eastern Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) antivenom from Thailand and an assessment of its protective effects against venom-induced nephrotoxicity

摘要: Background Daboia siamensis (Eastern Russell’s viper) is a medically important snake species found widely distributed across Southeast Asia. Envenomings by this can result in systemic coagulopathy, local tissue injury and/or renal failure. While administration of specific antivenom an effective treatment for viper envenomings, the availability of, and access to, geographically-appropriate remains problematic many rural areas. In study, we determined binding neutralizing capability antivenoms manufactured Thai Red Cross Thailand against D. venoms from four geographical locales: Myanmar, Taiwan, China Thailand. Methodology/Principle findings The monovalent displayed extensive recognition to proteins venom, irrespective origin those venoms. Similar immunological characteristics were observed with Hemato Polyvalent antivenom, which also uses venom as immunogen, but levels dramatically reduced when using comparator different species. A similar pattern was investigating neutralization procoagulant action all variants neutralized both antivenoms, while ineffective. These vitro translated into therapeutic efficacy vivo, effectively protect lethal effects preclinically. Assessments vivo nephrotoxicity revealed that (700 μg/kg) significantly increased plasma creatinine blood urea nitrogen anaesthetised rats. intravenous at three times higher than recommended scaled dose, prior 1 h after injection resulted markers prevented morphological changes, although lower doses had no effect. Conclusions/Significance This study highlights potential broad utility treating envenomings Eastern viper. However, only early delivery high appears be capable preventing venom-induced nephrotoxicity.