Evaluation of the geographical utility of Eastern Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) antivenom from Thailand and an assessment of its protective effects against venom-induced nephrotoxicity

摘要: Abstract Background Daboia siamensis (Eastern Russell’s viper) is a medically important snake species found widely distributed across Southeast Asia. Envenomings by this can result in systemic coagulopathy, local tissue injury and/or renal failure. While administration of specific antivenom an effective treatment for viper envenomings, the availability of, and access to, geographically-appropriate remains problematic many rural areas. In study, we determined binding neutralizing capability antivenoms manufactured Thai Red Cross Thailand against D. venoms from three geographical locales: Myanmar, Taiwan Thailand. Methodology/ Principle findings The monovalent displayed extensive recognition to proteins venom, irrespective origin those venoms. Similar immunological characteristics were observed with Hemato Polyvalent antivenom, which also uses venom as immunogen, but levels dramatically reduced when using comparator different species. A similar pattern was investigating neutralization procoagulant action all variants neutralized both antivenoms, while ineffective. Assessments vivo nephrotoxicity revealed that (700 µg/kg) significantly increased plasma creatinine blood urea nitrogen anaesthetised rats. intravenous at times higher than recommended scaled therapeutic dose, prior 1 h after injection resulted markers nephrotoxicity, although lower doses had no effect. Conclusions/Significance This study highlights potential broad utility treating envenomings Eastern viper. However, only early delivery high appear capable preventing venom-induced nephrotoxicity. Author summary Snakebite major public health concern regions tropics. (Daboia siamensis) venomous Asia Southern China, including Taiwan. Envenoming causes several pathologies, most notably acute kidney failure coagulopathy. mainstay snakebite, remote areas Myanmar China limited, use inappropriate, non-specific, Therefore, maximizing available efficacious highly desirable. investigated sourced distinct locales Since effectiveness dose required prevent has been controversial, examined preclinical efficacy pathology experimentally envenomed animals. Our suggest Thailand, clinically country, comparable vitro Myanmar. We show are likely neutralize nephrotoxins thus following envenoming. certain have wide therefore may be useful tools managing snakebite absence locally therapeutics.