Neuropeptide Y: some viewpoints on a multifaceted peptide in the normal and diseased nervous system.

摘要: Abstract Using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methodologies the localization of neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) two its receptors, Y1- Y2-receptor (R), has been analysed various tissues normal animals subjected to different experimental procedures as well with a genetic an acquired disease. (1) Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are discussed special focus on effect peripheral nerve injury. In DRG NPY cannot be detected, whereas Y1-R mRNA Y1-R-like immunoreactivity (LI) strongly expressed. The Y1-Rs decorate membrane cell soma not transported peripherally into axonal branches. Y2-R levels low. After axotomy there is marked increase NPY, decrease Y2-Rs. centrifugally. These findings suggest that NPY-ergic mechanisms participate adaptive changes sensory response (2) specific antibodies cellular subcellular protein have cerebral blood vessels. results demonstrate high concentrations receptors smooth muscle cells around pial arterioles lower numbers large vessels basal surface brain. many regions `disappear' after entered brain tissue. At ultrastructural level found both endothelial side laterally, where oppose each other. receptor often associated small vesicles. No NPY-positive fibers were Y1-R-rich arterioles, but they only seen arteries low levels. were, however, close numerous originating from central interneurons. raise possibility centrally can influence flow, possibly by stimulating NPY-Rs cells. However, also borne released under conditions, such stress sympathetic nerves adrenal medulla blood, may stimulate (3) arcuate nucleus Y2-Rs found, whereby located ventro-medial portion co-localized POMC peptides, ventromedial part, partly NPY. endings makes synaptic contact POMC/Y1-R-positive neurons. mouse model for anorexia very observed compared control mice. between groups. Taken together these good agreement view plays important role regulating feeding behaviour. (4) intracerebral prion inoculation mice upregulation was CA3 pyramidal neurons, this at time point just before first behavioural symptoms manifested. approximately same dramatic binding strata oriens radiatum CA1 region hippocampus, other no or much smaller observed. Also, slight It thus appears if disease prevents ligand Y2-R, perhaps influencing traffic proteins, membrane-associated caveolae, which implicated conversion scrapie protein. possible underlie some underline plasticity expression peptides peptide stimuli; support roles situations organism challenged, requiring molecules importance survival regeneration and, general terms, counteracting correcting adverse effects.