Pro-tobacco advertisement exposure among African American smokers: An ecological momentary assessment study.

摘要: Abstract Introduction Many African Americans live in communities with a disproportionately high density of tobacco advertisements compared to Whites. Some research indicates that point-of-sale advertising is associated impulse purchases cigarettes and smoking. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) can be used examine associations between advertisement exposure smoking variables the natural environment. Methods Non-treatment seeking American smokers were given mobile device for 2 weeks (N = 56). They prompted four times per day responded questions about recent advertisements. Participants also asked indicate number smoked, if they made any purchase, or an since last assessment. Linear mixed models (LMMs) analyzed between- within-subject outcomes. Results reported seeing at least one on 33% assessments. Of those assessments, menthol 87% Between-subject analyses revealed participants who average saw more generally likely report purchasing purchase impulse. Within-subject when individual participant than usual have cigarettes, making during same period, but not subsequent time period. Conclusions are frequently exposed pro-tobacco marketing. Advertisement cross-sectionally Future should assess prospective detail.