Prevention for those who can pay: insurance reimbursement of genetic-based preventive interventions in the liminal state between health and disease

作者: Anya E.R. Prince

DOI: 10.1093/JLB/LSV008

关键词:

摘要: Clinical use of genetic testing to predict adult onset conditions allows individuals minimize or circumvent disease when preventive medical interventions are available. Recent policy recommendations and changes expand patient access information about asymptomatic create mechanisms for expanded insurance coverage tests. The American College Medical Genetics Genomics (ACMG) recommends that laboratories provide incidental findings medically actionable variants after whole genome sequencing. Patient Protection Affordable Care Act (ACA) established mandate tests, such as BRCA. ACA ACMG, however, do not address interventions. These policies equate prevention, without exploring the accessibility affordability In reality, in adults is variable given US health system's focus on treatment. Health disparities will be exacerbated if only privileged segments society can interventions, prophylactic surgeries, screenings, medication. To ensure equitable federal state legislatures should both predictive recommended follow-up included a list by an expert panel regulatory body.

参考文章(19)
Cynthia E. Boyd, Medicare: it's time to talk about changing it. Annals of health law / Loyola University Chicago, School of Law, Institute for Health Law. ,vol. 19, pp. 79- 84 ,(2010)
Jennifer K. Litton, Kaylene Ready, Huiqin Chen, Angelica Gutierrez-Barrera, Carol J. Etzel, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Huong Le-Petross, Karen Lu, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Banu K. Arun, Earlier age of onset of BRCA mutation-related cancers in subsequent generations Cancer. ,vol. 118, pp. 321- 325 ,(2012) , 10.1002/CNCR.26284
Amy Gutmann, For and against equal access to health care. Milbank Quarterly. ,vol. 59, pp. 542- 560 ,(1981) , 10.1007/978-1-4684-4424-7_2
Anya E. R. Prince, Benjamin E. Berkman, When does an illness begin: genetic discrimination and disease manifestation. Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics. ,vol. 40, pp. 655- 664 ,(2012) , 10.1111/J.1748-720X.2012.00696.X
Douglas E Levy, Stacey D Byfield, Catherine B Comstock, Judy E Garber, Sapna Syngal, William H Crown, Alexandra E Shields, Underutilization of BRCA1/2 testing to guide breast cancer treatment: black and Hispanic women particularly at risk. Genetics in Medicine. ,vol. 13, pp. 349- 355 ,(2011) , 10.1097/GIM.0B013E3182091BA4
Chris M. R. Smerecnik, Ilse Mesters, Eline Verweij, Nanne K. de Vries, Hein de Vries, A Systematic Review of the Impact of Genetic Counseling on Risk Perception Accuracy Journal of Genetic Counseling. ,vol. 18, pp. 217- 228 ,(2009) , 10.1007/S10897-008-9210-Z
Wolf H Rogowski, Scott D Grosse, Jörg Schmidtke, Georg Marckmann, Criteria for fairly allocating scarce health-care resources to genetic tests: which matter most? European Journal of Human Genetics. ,vol. 22, pp. 25- 31 ,(2014) , 10.1038/EJHG.2013.172
James P. Evans, Health care in the age of genetic medicine. JAMA. ,vol. 298, pp. 2670- 2672 ,(2007) , 10.1001/JAMA.298.22.2670
Susan A. Berry, Mary Kay Kenney, Katharine B. Harris, Rani H. Singh, Cynthia A. Cameron, Jennifer N. Kraszewski, Jill Levy-Fisch, Jill F. Shuger, Carol L. Greene, Michele A. Lloyd-Puryear, Coleen A. Boyle, Insurance coverage of medical foods for treatment of inherited metabolic disorders Genetics in Medicine. ,vol. 15, pp. 978- 982 ,(2013) , 10.1038/GIM.2013.46