Human placental oxygenation in late gestation: experimental and theoretical approaches

摘要: The placenta is crucial for life. It an ephemeral but complex organ acting as the barrier interface between maternal and fetal circulations, providing exchange of gases, nutrients, hormones, waste products immunoglobulins. Many gaps exist in our understanding detailed placental structure function, particularly relation to oxygen handling transfer healthy pathological states utero. Measurements understand vivo human are limited, with no general agreement on most appropriate methods. An invasive method measuring partial pressure intervillous space through needle electrode insertion at time Caesarean sections has been reported. This allows direct measurements whilst maintaining near normal conditions; however, there practical ethical implications using this determination oxygenation. Furthermore, levels likely be highly heterogeneous within placenta. Emerging non-invasive techniques, such MRI, ex research capable enhancing improving current imaging methodology villous increase precision measurement compartments. These combination mathematical modelling, have stimulated novel cross-disciplinary approaches that could advance oxygenation its metabolism pregnancies, clinical treatment options ultimately outcomes patient.