Progress in the control of bovine tuberculosis in Spanish wildlife

摘要: Despite the compulsory test and slaughter campaigns in cattle, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is still present Spain, role of wildlife reservoirs increasingly recognized. We provide an update on recent progress made bTB control Spanish wildlife, including aspects epidemiology, surveillance, host-pathogen interaction vaccination. At high densities particular circumstances Mediterranean environments, wild ungulates, mainly Eurasian boar red deer, are able to maintain Mycobacterium bovis circulation even absence domestic livestock. Infection widespread among ungulates south country, local infection prevalence being as 52% 27% deer. Risk factors identified include host genetic susceptibility, abundance, spatial aggregation at feeders waterholes, scavenging, social behaviour. An increasing trend compatible lesions was reported deer inspected between 1992 2004 Southwestern Spain. Sporadic cases badger TB have been detected, further complicating picture. Gene expression profiles were characterized European Iberian naturally infected with M. bovis. The comparative analysis gene hosts response advanced our understanding molecular mechanisms pathogenesis, revealed common distinctive responses candidate genes associated resistance for characterization Ongoing research producing valuable knowledge vaccine delivery, safety efficacy issues. Baits oral delivery BCG preparations piglets developed evaluated. use selective during summer found be a potentially reliable bait-deployment strategy. Safety experiments yielded no isolation from faeces, internal organs necropsy environment, after very doses. Finally, preliminary vaccination challenge suggested that single may protect by virulent field strain.