Congenital malformations : a report of a study of series of consecutive births in 24 centres

摘要: A report is presented of a study births in 24 centers 16 countries with respect to the occurrence and type ciongenital malformations found still born liveborn infants. In all outcomes 421781 pregnancies were investigated (416695 single 5022 sets twins 63 triplets 1 set quadruplets). The frequencies specific types or groups are considered particular reference geographical variations associations consanquinity parents. evidence relating clinical etiological heterogeneity as well that genetic contribution congenital perinatal mortality. data considerable detail tables addition there available on request authors 400 page companion booklet basic for each center. Among findings interest following. large neural tube defects fetal wastage most significant correlations these over recording noted. There un unexplained correlation frequency between dizygous twinning. marked association parents increases stillbirth rates early death an infant being highest where closely related. has also been demonstrated known be due expression recessive gene mutations ignored demonstrably associated neutral defect only. number interesting observations either novel confirmatoryof views derived from different approaches emerge malformations. This so particularly harelip cleft palate gut urogential tract multiple occurring same child. concerning twin light relative contributions monozygous pairs total variance twinning centers. Estimates made effects monozygosity survival (authors modified)