Constraints imposed upon theories of the vacuum arc cathode region by specific ion energy measurements

摘要: The presence of high‐energy ions (with potentials greater than the overall arc voltage) in flux from cathode region vacuum arcs has been well established. While much excellent theoretical work done on a arc, only modest amount such predicted energies leaving region. Two theories which do predict ion are potential hump theory—where positive space charge at spot accelerates electrostatically, and gas dynamic accelerated by flow process. Few theorists have taken advantage available mass spectrometric data concerning individual energies. In this paper I compare with predictions. best confirmed energy is that for copper cathode. Additional presented ten percent Bi/Cu Comparison bismuth/copper wit...