Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Focus on Colon, Pancreatic and Gastric Cancer

摘要: Personalized cancer medicine based on genetic profiling of individual tumors is regarded as the treatment strategy future. The targeted drugs for have rapidly developed. However, our understanding (at molecular level) precise role that potential targets in tumorigenesis, and survival dependence these components, has not progressed at same rate (De Roock et al., 2011). Since patient selection therapy remains problematic, there been an increasing interest biomarkers risk predicting future patterns disease. In broadest sense, a biomarker any biological, chemical, or biophysical indicator underlying biological process. From medical perspective, physiological characteristic indicative health A defined “a molecular, cellular, tissue, process-based alteration provides indication current, more importantly, behavior cancer” (Hayes 1996). Cancer are employed across entire healthcare spectrum from research laboratory to monitoring clinic. Clinical applications include disease stratification, chemoprevention, screening, diagnosis prognosis/prediction, planning monitoring, posttreatment surveillance. contributed greatly current heterogeneous nature specific cancers led improvements outcomes. full adoption clinic slow date, only limited number products currently routine use (http://www.insightpharmareports.com/reports_report.aspx?r=559&id=78452). Two primary challenges developing discovery candidate markers validation those candidates uses. process depends technologies available, their sensitivity specificity, investigate complex biochemistry order identify differences can be detected consistently diverse populations. also arduous costly, often