Pharmacokinetics in older persons.

摘要: Abstract Background: Physiologic changes and disease-related alterations in organ function occur with aging. These can affect drug pharmacokinetics older persons. Objective: This article reviews age-related their clinical relevance. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using the terms elderly . Other were also included for literature searching. The review includes particular from 1990 through April 2004. Some particles before to help illustrate principles of pharmacokinetics. Results: There are minor absorption effect aging on small-bowel transporter systems is not yet fully established. Bioavailability highly extracted drugs often increased age. Transdermal may be delayed, especially case water-soluble compounds. Fat-soluble distribute more widely less extensively Hepatic metabolism shows wide interindividual variation, many cases, there an decline elimination metabolized drugs, particularly eliminated by cytochrome enzyme system. Any decrement appears nonselective. Synthetic conjugation affected Pseudocapillarization sinusoidal endothelium liver, restricting oxygen diffusion, liver size blood flow influence rate hepatic metabolism. Frailty, physiological stress, illness important predictors individuals. Inhibition altered aging, but induction reduced a minority studies. Renal typically declines age, commensurate fall creatinine clearance. tubular organic acid transport while base preserved responsive stimulation. Conclusion: Changes due physiologic perturbations. contribute dose requirements persons, kidney. Interindividual disease, frailty, stress overshadow changes.