Anthocyanin‐derived phenolic acids form glucuronides following simulated gastrointestinal digestion and microsomal glucuronidation

摘要: Scope: Current research indicates that anthocyanins are primarily degraded to form phenolic acid products. However, no studies have yet demonstrated the metabolic conjugation of these anthocyanin-derived acids in humans. Methods and results: Within present study, a simulated gastrointestinal digestion model was used evaluate potential degradation post-consumption. Subsequently, cyanidin (Cy) pelargonidin their products, protocatechuic 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, were incubated presence human liver microsomes assess hepatic glucuronide conjugates. For structural conformation, glucuronides chemically synthesised compared microsomal metabolites. During gastric digestion, anthocyanin glycosides (200 μM) remained stable however aglycone derivatives significantly (20% loss), while during subsequent pancreatic/intestinal only pelargonidin-3-glucoside cyanidin-3-glucoside (30% loss) Cy pelagonidin aglycones (100% loss, respectively). Following metabolism, formed which further metabolised (65%) two additional conjugates, (43%) three conjugates. Conclusions: We propose following ingestion, may be found systemic circulation as free or conjugated acids, should focus future dietary interventions.