Toward a Methodology for Managing Information Systems Implementation: A Social Constructivist Perspective

摘要: Introduction And Review of the Implementation Literature information systems has been a topic considerable interest to practitioners as well academic researchers for over two decades. In broad sense, implementation refers all that must be done by specific organization it able harness capabilities particular technology envisioned. A number prominent operations research/management science (OR/MS) and (IS) have recognized behavioral issues rather than technological seem at root problems related (Schultz Slevin, 1975; Ginzberg, 1978; Lyytinen Hirschheim, 1987; etc.). Consequently, much research on in fields OR/MS IS focused human aspects. Different scholars tried address problem different ways, thus deriving insights prescriptions successful implementation. Among first analyze were Churchman Schainblatt (1965), who viewed "the determining what activities scientist manager are most appropriate bring about an effective relationship between two". They recommended "mutual understanding" (i.e., professional) user) wherein each would come understand other through dialectical process (see Figure 1a). While Schainblatt's approach was novel useful way framing implementation, had least three serious limitations: first, completely ignored system (technology) implemented; second, provided almost no guidance how achieve state mutual understanding; third, did not incorporate fact "scientists" "managers" do (and cannot) operate isolated from context The next wave (Lucas, Schultz, Ginzberg Lucas, 1984; DeSanctis, Leonard-Barton, 1988) identifying range factors affect outcome 1b). Factors identified classified as: * individual variables such needs, cognitive style, personality, demographics, decision-style, expectancy contributions; organizational differentiation/ integration, extent centralization, autonomy unit, culture, group norms, reward systems, power distributions; situational user involvement, nature analyst-user communication, validity, existence critical mass; which include type (MIS, TPS, CASE tools, EMS, etc.), characteristics transferability, complexity, divisibility, cultural content. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] As started understanding role factors, they came realization static phenomenon implicitly assumed those conducting research, better understood mediated certain conditions project management, presence champion top management support 1c). some adopting "process view" saw diffusion innovation, changing institutionalized doing things within (Ginzberg, Galbraith, 1979), thus, existing models change (e.g. Lewin/Schein model, Kolb/Frohman model) often used conceptualize systems. view further developed influenced "socio-technical" school thought (e.g., Bostrom Heinen, 1977; Markus, 1983; Robey, 1987), this "interactionist" arguably remains dominant one study organizations 1d). …