Looming Global-Scale Failures and Missing Institutions

摘要: Energy, food, and water crises; climate disruption; declining fisheries; increasing ocean acidification; emerging diseases; antibiotic resistance are examples of serious, intertwined global-scale challenges spawned by the accelerating scale human activity. They outpacing development institutions to deal with them their many interactive effects. The core problem is inducing cooperation in situations where individuals nations will collectively gain if all cooperate, but each faces temptation take a free ride on others. nation-state achieves exercise sovereign power within its boundaries. difficulty date that transnational provide, at best, only partial solutions, implementation even these solutions can be undermined internation competition recalcitrance.