The importance of binarity in the formation and evolution of planetary nebulae.

摘要: It is now clear that a binary evolutionary pathway responsible for significant fraction of all planetary nebulae, with some authors even going so far as to claim binarity may be near requirement the formation an observable nebula. In this chapter, we will discuss theoretical and observational support importance in initially focussing on common envelope evolution but also covering wider binaries. Furthermore, highlight impact these results have our understanding other astrophysical phenomena, including supernovae type Ia, chemically peculiar stars circumbinary exoplanets. Finally, present latest regards relationship between post-common-envelope central abundance discrepancy problem what further clues hold forwarding phase itself.