The induction of gene activity in drosophila by heat shock

摘要: Michael Ashburner* and J. Jose Bonnert Department of Biochemistry Biophysics University California, San Francisco Francisco, California 94143 During the normal development larval salivary gland Drosophila melanogaster, considerable changes occur in patterns puffing activity. These can be seen as puffs gland’s polytene chromosomes, a con- sequence titer insect’s growth moulting hormone, ecdysone (for review see Ash- burner Richards, 1976). In addition to gene activity development, there are activities set genes that direct consequence subjecting animals wide variety experimental insults, for example, brief heat shock. The discovery induction unique by shock (Ritossa, 1962) has led way an analysis function structure is, so far, unique. cytological facts summarized briefly 1962, 1963, 1964a; Berendes Holt, 1964; Berendes, Van Breugel 1965; van Breugel, 1966; Ashburner, 1970; Ellgaard, 1972; Lewis, Helmsing 1975). If larvae or their excised tissues subjected 40 min at 37”C, culture temperature being 25”C), induced few specific sites (Figure 1). D. melanogaster nine heat-inducible puffs, (33B, 63C, 64F, 678, 70A. 87A, 87C, 93D 95D); hydei six (32A, 36A, 48BC 81 B; 31 C 858 small variable response). vivo is very rapid; it occurs within 1 increase although continue size some 30-40 (at 37°C) before regressing. maximum sizes severity shock, least until lethal temperatures met 2). requires RNA, but not protein synthesis. ab- sence synthesis, however, fail regress unless returned (puff exception; Leen- ders Beckers, 1972). Prolonged more than hr) results addi- tional activity; most remarkable fact all other active time began, regress. It was also synthesis polypeptides ’ Permanent