Estrogen signaling in the hypothalamus.

摘要: Abstract Estrogen has multifaceted effects on the hypothalamus that regulate a number of homeostatic functions including reproduction, temperature, energy balance, stress, and motivated behaviors. targets all major hypothalamic neuroendocrine autonomic cellular groups to activate multiple signaling pathways. Originally it was thought these actions estrogen could be ascribed its binding “classical” intracellular receptor alterations in gene transcription. However, we now know this steroid hormone activates pathways affect neuronal excitability Although genomic pathway been recognized for almost half century, until recently little attention paid rapid membrane‐initiated by neurons. It known since 1970s can rapidly alter firing within seconds, indicating some occur via rapid, nontranscriptional mechanisms. Therefore, chapter reviews current status nuclear‐mediated events neurons and, ultimately, functions.