Estrogen Regulation of Neurotransmitter and Growth Factor Signaling in the Brain

摘要: Estrogens act in diverse brain regions to regulate reproductive and nonreproductive behaviors neuronal functions, including mood, cognition, pain, seizures, sensorimotor integration, energy homeostasis, neural degeneration due aging, ischemia, other insults. This chapter reviews evidence that estrogens at multiple levels many modify synaptic neurotransmission. Identified targets of estrogen action include classical neurotransmitters peptides function as neuromodulators. both presynaptically, regulating transmitter availability and/or release, postsynaptically, governing cellular responses released transmitter. Hormone-dependent alterations transmitters involve regulation receptor expression the efficacy transmembrane signal transduction. also determine which intracellular transduction pathways are activated when bind their receptors. Emerging suggests can activate downstream molecules associated with growth factors crosstalk between factor neurotransmitter signaling pathways. Therefore, we summarize findings indicating physiologically relevant cross talk occurs among receptor, The data show throughout modulate excitability, efficacy, neurogenesis, suggesting these fundamental mechanisms steroid hormone brain.