A numerical world ocean general circulation model. Part II. A baroclinic experiment

摘要: Abstract A baroclinic six-layer world ocean model has been developed and tested in response to climatological surface wind stress heat flux as a preliminary step its coupling with global atmospheric GCM. The reached seasonal equilibrium after 210-year integration, successfully simulates most of the large-scale features annual mean variation observed temperature current. model's coarse resolution large eddy viscosity, however, prevent it from adequately simulating relatively narrow equatorial western boundary currents. In comparison barotropic integrations presented Part I joint effect baroclinicity bottom topography acts general increase transports gyral circulations Antarctic circumpolar current, while ocean's vertical stratification is shown reduce upwelling. Although distribution average warming near equator cooling Gulf Stream Kuroshio, underestimates strong heating subtropical eastern oceans. oceanic storage largest northern oceans, responds fluctuation Ekman transports. low-latitude oceans poleward transport achieved principally by meridional circulation, middle latitudes diffusion are more effective this regard. simulated Northern Hemisphere similar that previous studies significantly less than observed, southern hemispheric agree reasonally well observational estimates.