Productivity and Consumer Regulation—Concepts, Patterns, and Mechanisms

摘要: Productivity is a major factor affecting food web and ecosystem dynamics in natural systems (Slobodkin, 1960, 1962; Odum, 1969; Fretwell, 1977, 1987; Oksanen et al., 1981, this volume). can influence aspects of weds like chain length, stability, interaction strength, species diversity (Rosenzweig, 1971; 1981; DeAngelis 1989a, 1989b; DeAngelis, 1992; Moore 1993; Abrams Roth, 1994a, 1994b). Among these, length has been the most discussed. Food suggested to lengthen with productivity because trophic transfers from resources consumers entail losses heat waste. Therefore more levels (longer chains) should be supported if receives energy or limiting materials are efficient. These classical transfer arguments posed by Elton (1927) developed Hutchinson (1959) Slobodkin (1960) basic productivity-based models (Oksanen 1987). The actual support for argument that energetic constraints limit is, however, open debate (Pimm Kitching, Oksanen, 1988; Lawton, 1989; Pimm, 1991; Persson al. , Hairston Hairston, Wootton Power, 1993).