Global Situation of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, and Its Emergence in the Americas

摘要: About two-thirds of the world's population live in areas infested with dengue vectors, mainly Aedes aegypti. All four viruses are circulating, sometimes simultaneously, most these areas. It is estimated that up to 80 million persons become infected annually although marked underreporting results notification much smaller figures. Currently endemic all continents except Europe and epidemic haemorrhagic fever (DHF) occurs Asia, Americas some Pacific islands. The incidence DHF greater Asian countries than other regions. In disease continues affect children predominantly a increase number cases people over 15 years old has been observed Philippines Malaysia during recent years. 1990's continued show higher South-East particularly Viet Nam Thailand which together account for more reported Asia. However, an noted Philippines, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia, India, Singapore Sri Lanka period 1991-1995 as compared preceding 5-year period. Americas, emergence occurred 1981 almost 30 after its appearance showing upward trend. Cuba first major outbreak total 344,203 were notified, including 10,312 severe 158 deaths. Cuban was associated strain dengue-2 virus it dengue-1 had introduced island causing epidemics fever. Prior this event suspected or fatal by five but only few them fulfilled WHO criteria diagnosis DHF. important history Americas. Subsequently it, every year 1983, confirmed have Region. second Venezuela 1989 since then country suffered year. Between 1996 42,246 582 deaths 25 53% originated from 24% Cuba. Colombia, Nicaragua Mexico each 1,000 1992-1996. 74% Colombian 97% Mexican 1995-1996. A main cause failure hemispheric campaign eradicate Following successful resulted elimination mosquito 18 1962, programme began decline result there progressive dissemination vector so 1997 exception Canada, Chile Bermuda, infested. Other factors contributing emergence/re-emergence dengue/DHF include rapid growth urbanization populations Latin America Caribbean, increased travel facilitates viruses. Presently, serotypes circulating thus increasing risk region.