A Comprehensive Update of Adhesive Capsulitis and Minimally Invasive Treatment Options.

摘要: Background Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (AC) is characterized by fibrosis and contracture glenohumeral joint capsule, resulting in progressive stiffness, pain, restriction motion shoulder. The prevalence AC estimated to be 2-5% general population. Patients with typically have an insidious onset pain can progress severe limitation leading significant disability decreased quality life. Objectives objective this manuscript provide a comprehensive review focus on clinical presentation, natural history, pathophysiology, various treatment modalities. Study design A article. Setting literature. Methods search was made Pubmed database using keywords adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder, arthrofibrosis, stiffness. Results Our identified numerous studies order current understanding management AC. Limitations There remains limited evidence literature about optimal treatment. Conclusion important cause chronic disability. currently no consensus Initial modalities revolve around conservative measures as well aggressive physical therapy. Further options include intraarticular injections, hydro-dilation, nerve blocks, for more refractory cases, surgical interventions such arthroscopic capsulotomy.