Insufficient integration between sectors hinders reaching WFD objectives in The Netherlands

摘要: The Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC; WFD) requires an integrated approach to water management. In the Netherlands three ministries, all provinces, waterboards and municipalities have been appointed ‘competent authority’ for WFD. theory, this would ensure integrated, cross-sectoral approach. practice, however, sector appears be most responsible implementation of management organisations (DG Water, water-boards RWS) had initiative during planning process. Cooperation between ministries involved (Public Works, Transport Management (V&W), Housing, Spatial Planning Environment (VROM), Agriculture, Nature Food Quality (LNV) implementing WFD was limited. Land-use policies, manure policies other related not under discussion in process, though major challenges are hydro-morphological situation bodies eutrophication. Many measures improve these two aspects require cooperation. However, with some exceptions decided upon were only sector. lack integration sectoral will hinder reaching objectives.