Offspring reaction norms shaped by parental environment: interaction between within- and trans-generational plasticity of inducible defenses.

摘要: Within-generational plasticity (WGP) and transgenerational (TGP) are mechanisms allowing rapid adaptive responses to fluctuating environments without genetic change. These forms of have often been viewed as independent processes. Recent evidence suggests that WGP is altered by the environmental conditions experienced previous generations (i.e., TGP). In context inducible defenses, one most studied cases plasticity, x TGP interaction has poorly investigated. We provide can alter reaction norms defenses in a freshwater snail. The patterns trait-specific lead decreased slope (behaviour shell thickness). Offspring from induced parents showed higher predator avoidance behaviour thicker than snails non-induced no predator-cue environment while they reached similar environment. further switch plastic towards constitutive expression for dimensions (flat norm). WGP-alteration may shape change then substantial importance understand evolution plasticity.