Infection, Viral Dissemination, and Antibody Responses of Rhesus Macaques Exposed to the Human Gammaretrovirus XMRV

摘要: Xenotropic murine leukemia-related virus (XMRV) was identified in association with human prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. To examine the infection potential, kinetics, tissue distribution of XMRV an animal model, we inoculated five macaques intravenously. established a persistent, disseminated infection, low transient viremia provirus blood lymphocytes during acute infection. Although undetectable after about month, reactivated at 9 months, confirming chronicity Furthermore, Gag detected tissues throughout, wide dissemination throughout period monitoring. Surprisingly, showed organ-specific cell tropism, infecting CD4 T cells lymphoid organs including gastrointestinal lamina propria, alveolar macrophages lung, epithelial/interstitial other organs, reproductive tract. Of note, spite intravenous inoculation, extensive replication noted but not even though infected were still detectable by fluorescence situ hybridization (FISH) 5 months postinfection. Marked lymphocyte activation occurred immediately postinfection, antigen-specific cellular responses undetectable. Antibody elicited boosted upon reexposure, titers decreased rapidly, suggesting antigen stimulation over time. Our findings establish nonhuman primate model to study replication/dissemination, transmission, pathogenesis, immune responses, potential future therapies.