ParticipatoryGIS: A Web-Based Collaborative GIS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis

摘要: INTRODUCTION Citizens are increasingly demanding greater public participation in shaping policy decisions that affect their lives. A variety of participatory procedures exist aim at involving the and integrating local knowledge preferences with scientific inputs experts (e.g., planners) within decision process (Dunn 2007, Rinner et al. 2008, Jankowski 2009). However, capabilities traditional methods collaboration meetings) limited because synchronous place-based nature. The conventional models often have been criticized for deficiencies representing certain interest groups residents; this is some individuals cannot be present a specific time location, may reluctant to voice among other community members (Dragicevic Balram 2004, To facilitate effective participation, spatial planning decision-making should collaborative distributed over an extended period (Carver Peekham 1999, Nyerges 2001, Dragicevic 2004). rapid improvement innovation geographical information software related computing hardware made GIS main tool making. Nonetheless, progress using improve making has rather (Sieber 2006, Dunn 2007). While planners makers full access relevant data/information, as well tools such technologies, there relatively few available general (Pickles 1995, Carver typically centralized, exclusionary, expensive, technocratic requiring expert users maintain efficient operations Miller 2006). system being elitist technology widens gap between when employed applications 1995). challenges GIS-based reside bridging by providing enhancing addressing issues equity. Implementing World Wide Web environment its multicriteria analysis (MCDA) can provide mechanism experts. Web-based (WebGIS) offer solutions accessible nonexperts; moreover, online tools, discussion forums, alternative (for example, meetings/hearings open houses) they do not require in-person attendance. Ultimately, operating on Internet, restricted or location In addition, integration MCDA facilitates allowing participants explore different aspects problem articulate Malczewski 2006a). provides expressing participants' objectives generating compromise solution. Furthermore, structured investigating intensity sources conflicts participants. It also communication understanding multiple makers, which, turn, pave way converging building consensus minimum conflict solution generated (Feick Hall 2006a, b). …