Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Glucagon Cell

摘要: Since an earlier review on the phylogeny and ontogeny of glucagon production (Falkmer Marques 1972), published in a monograph decade ago, research gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine system has undergone explosively rapid progress, making several statements that obsolete even false. The reason is that, to great extent, they were based observations made by means silver staining techniques (Grimelius Wilander 1980) during 1970s immunohistochemical (IHC) methods — im-munofluorescence and/or PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) procedures radioimmunoassays (RIA) have been developed, permitting revolutionised our view histophysiology evolution GEP system, including glucagon-producing cells (cf. Van Noorden Polak 1979). For instance, major breakthrough front was 1975 when it found hypothalamic peptide, somatostatin, oc-curred not only neuronal cells, but also endocrine antral mucosa pancreatic islets (Polak et al. 1975). Thus, D-cells (formerly o-cells) previously suspected producing gastrin, now shown be stor-age site, place for actual somatostatin Noe 1981 a, b). then, practically all hormonal peptides demonstrated this dual distribution Falkmer 1980; a) thus form brain-gut axis diffuse (Van 1979; Dockray Gregory 1980). Glucagon one latest additions group, having recently localised areas mammalian (including human) brain Tager Sanders 1981; see Chap. 33).