Repulsion of Superinfecting Virions: A Mechanism for Rapid Virus Spread

摘要: Viruses are thought to spread across susceptible cells through an iterative process of infection, replication, and release, so that the rate is limited by replication kinetics. Here, we show vaccinia virus spreads one cell every 75 minutes, fourfold faster than its cycle would permit. To explain this phenomenon, found newly infected express two surface proteins mark as and, via exploitation cellular machinery, induce repulsion superinfecting virions away toward uninfected cells. Mechanistically, early expression A33 A36 was critical for virion rapid spread, expressing these repelled exogenous rapidly. Additional spreading mechanisms may exist other viruses also predicted