Recent Advances in Soil Liquefaction Engineering: A Unified and Consistent Framework

摘要: Over the past decade, major advances have occurred in both understanding and practice with regard to assessment mitigation of hazard associated seismically induced soil liquefaction. Soil liquefaction engineering has evolved into a sub-field its own right, seismic is increasingly well addressed research practice. This rapid evolution treatment been pushed largely by confluence lessons data provided series earthquakes over dozen years, as professional/political will engendered these events. The overall field now beginning coalesce an internally consistent comprehensive framework, one which various elements are mutually supportive each other. Although rate progress laudable, further occurring, more remains be done. As we enter “new millenium”, engineers able deal important aspects engineering. paper highlight number recent ongoing developments engineering, offer insights regarding progress, suggestions needed. 1 Dept. Civil Environmental Engineering, University California, Berkeley. 2 Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. 3 Fugro Santa Barbara, California. 4 Arup, San Francisco, 5 URS Corporation, Oakland, 6 U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, 1.0 INTRODUCTION cause damage during earthquakes. “Modern” liquefactionrelated issues initially wake two devastating 1964; 1964 Niigata (Japan) Great Alaskan Earthquakes. Seismically-induced produced spectacular effects events, thrusting issue forcefully attention researchers. nearly four decades that followed, significant occurred. Initially, this was confined improved ability assess likelihood initiation (or “triggering”) clean, sandy soils. years passed, continued provide data, researchers practitioners became aware additional potential problems silty gravelly soils, post-liquefaction strength stressdeformation behavior also began attract increased attention. Today, area “soil engineering” emerging semi-mature right. involves discernable sub-issues or subtopics, illustrated schematically Figure 1. shown 1, first step most treatments continues (1) “liquefaction potential”, risk “triggering” (initiation) There here some discussed. Once it determined occurrence potentially serious risk/hazard, process next proceeds consequences This, now, (2) available strength, resulting stability (of site, and/or structure other built facilities, etc.). considerable