Immune control of Babesia bovis infection

摘要: Babesia bovis causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle, which if resolved, leads to a state of persistent otherwise clinically healthy cattle. Persistently infected cattle are generally resistant reinfection with related parasite strains, this resistance the face is termed concomitant immunity. Young animals more than adults B. infection, dependent on spleen. Despite discovery over century ago, there still no safe effective vaccines that protect against most virulent babesial pathogens. Immunodominant antigens identified by serological reactivity dominant T-cell have failed challenge. This review describes innate acquired immune mechanisms define young calves correlate development immunity older following recovery from clinical disease. The first sections will discuss responses peripheral blood- spleen-derived macrophages induced merozoites their products limit replication, comparison natural killer cell spleens (resistant) (susceptible) Later describe proteomic approach discover novel antigens, especially those recognized CD4+ T lymphocytes. Because immunodominant stimulate protective immunity, identification subdominant may prove be important for vaccines. Identification immunogenic proteins epitopes, together MHC class II restricting elements, now makes possible tetramers application technology both quantify antigen-specific lymphocytes during antigenic epitopes. Finally, imminent completion genome-sequencing project, strategies using combined genomic approaches identify vaccine candidates reviewed. availability annotated genome will, time, enable non-immunodominant