Cellular and molecular bases of skeletal regeneration: What can we learn from genetic mouse models?

摘要: Although bone repairs through a very efficient regenerative process in 90% of the patients, many factors can cause delayed or impaired healing. To date, there are no reliable biological parameters to predict diagnose repair defects. Orthopedic surgeons mostly base their diagnoses on radiographic analyses. With recent progress our understanding process, new methods may be envisioned. Animal models have allowed us define key steps regeneration and mechanical that influence healing positive negative ways. Most importantly, small animal such as mice provided powerful tools apprehend genetic bases normal The current review presents state art genetically modified mouse advanced cellular molecular components repair. illustrates use these role inflammation, skeletal cell lineages, signaling pathways, extracellular matrix, osteoclasts angiogenesis. These promise change field orthopedic surgery help establish predispositions for repair, develop non-union mimic human conditions elaborate therapeutic approaches enhance regeneration.