The Study of Deep-Sea Cephalopods

摘要: "Deep-sea" cephalopods are here defined as that spend a significant part of their life cycles outside the euphotic zone. In this chapter, state knowledge in several aspects deep-sea cephalopod research summarized, including information sources for these animals, diversity and general biogeography cycles, reproduction. Recommendations made addressing some remaining deficiencies using variety traditional more recently developed methods. The types oceanic gear suitable collecting specimens images reviewed. Many groups require taxonomic reviews, ideally based on both morphological molecular characters. Museum collections play vital role revisions, novel (molecular) techniques may facilitate new use old museum specimens. Fundamental life-cycle parameters remain unknown many species; neritic species could potentially be applied to discussed. Reproductive tactics strategies very diverse call comparative evolutionary experimental studies, but even twenty-first century, mature individuals still species. New insights into diet trophic position have begun reveal range feeding than typically voracious predatory lifestyle known cephalopods. Regular standardized surveys necessary provide insight temporal changes populations forecast, verify monitor impacts global marine human populations.