Biological Stability of Drinking Water: Controlling Factors, Methods, and Challenges

摘要: Biological stability of drinking water refers to the concept providing consumers with same microbial quality at tap as produced treatment facility. However, uncontrolled growth bacteria can occur during distribution in mains and premise plumbing, lead hygienic (e.g., development opportunistic pathogens), aesthetic deterioration taste, odor, color) or operational fouling biocorrosion pipes) problems. Drinking contains diverse microorganisms competing for limited available nutrients growth. Bacterial interactions are regulated by factors, such (i) type concentration organic inorganic nutrients, (ii) residual disinfectant, (iii) presence predators, protozoa invertebrates, (iv) environmental conditions, temperature, (v) spatial location (bulk water, sediment, biofilm). Water conditions plumbing affect each these factors shape bacterial community characteristics (abundance, composition, viability) systems. Improved understanding systems impact is needed better control communities production distribution. This article reviews existing knowledge on biological controlling how affected conditions. In addition, discussed light experience well-established new analytical methods, enabling high throughput analysis in-depth characterization water. We discussed, gained from novel techniques will improve design monitoring order maintain good up consumer’s tap. A definition methodological approach proposed.