Grassland-to-crop conversion in agricultural landscapes has lasting impact on the trait diversity of bees.

摘要: Global pollinator decline has motivated much research to understand the underlying mechanisms. Among multiple pressures threatening pollinators, habitat loss been suggested as a key-contributing factor. While destruction is often associated with immediate negative impacts, pollinators can also exhibit delayed responses over time. We used trait-based approach investigate how past and current land use at both local landscape levels impact plant wild bee communities in grasslands through functional lens. measured flower morphological traits that mediate plant–bee trophic linkage 66 grasslands. Using an extensive database of 20 years land-use records, we tested legacy effects landscape-level conversion grassland crop on trait diversity. Land-use history was strong driver diversity Particularly, lower landscapes where converted from long ago. Bee strongly driven by computed traits. However, this relationship not observed grassland-to-crop conversion. The were those use, such or mass-flowering cover landscape. Habitat occurred ago agricultural alters between plants bees retention permanent sanctuaries within intensive offset decline.